Manufar wannan labarin shine don tattauna nau'ikan nau'ikan hanyoyin hoto na likita guda uku waɗanda yawancin jama'a ke rikicewa, X-ray, CT, da MRI.
Ƙananan kashi na radiation-X-ray
Ta yaya X-ray ya sami sunansa?
Wannan ya mayar da mu shekaru 127 zuwa Nuwamba. Masanin kimiyyar lissafi dan kasar Jamus Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen ya gano wani lamari da ba a san shi ba a dakin gwaje-gwajensa mai tawali’u, sannan ya shafe makonni a dakin gwaje-gwaje, inda ya samu nasarar shawo kan matarsa ta yi aikin gwajin gwaji, kuma ya rubuta X-ray na farko a tarihin dan Adam, domin hasken ya kasance. cike da sirrin da ba a san shi ba, Roentgen ya sanya masa suna X-ray. Wannan babban binciken ya kafa harsashin gano cutar da hoton likita nan gaba. Ranar 8 ga Nuwamba, 1895, aka ayyana Ranar Radiyo ta Duniya don tunawa da wannan gano da aka yi.
X-ray wani haske ne da ba a iya gani tare da ɗan gajeren zango wanda shine hasken lantarki tsakanin hasken ultraviolet da gamma. A lokaci guda kuma karfin shigarsa yana da karfi sosai, saboda bambancin yawa da kaurin sifofi daban-daban na jikin dan adam, X-ray yana shiga cikin nau'i daban-daban idan ya ratsa jikin mutum, kuma X- ray tare da bayanai daban-daban na attenuation bayan shiga cikin jikin mutum yana wucewa ta hanyar fasahar ci gaba da yawa, kuma a ƙarshe ya samar da hotunan hoto na baki da fari.
Ana yawan haɗa hotunan X-ray da CT tare, kuma suna da alaƙa da bambance-bambance. Su biyun suna da gama-gari a cikin ka'idar hoto, dukkansu biyun suna amfani da shigar X-ray don samar da hotuna na baƙi da fari tare da mabambanta ƙarfin radiation ta jikin ɗan adam tare da nau'in nama daban-daban da kauri. Amma kuma akwai bambance-bambance a fili:
Na farko, bambancikaryaa cikin bayyanar da aiki na kayan aiki. X-ray ya fi kama da zuwa ɗakin hoto don ɗaukar hoto. Da farko, ana taimaka wa majiyyaci tare da daidaitaccen wurin yin gwajin, sannan kuma ana amfani da kwan fitila X-ray (babban kyamara) don harba hoton a cikin dakika ɗaya. Kayan aikin CT sun yi kama da babban “doughnut” a bayyanar, kuma ma’aikacin yana buƙatar taimaka wa majiyyaci a kan gadon jarrabawa, shiga ɗakin tiyata, da yin CT scan ga majiyyaci.
Na biyu, bambancikaryaa cikin hanyoyin hoto. Hoton X-ray hoto ne mai haɗe-haɗe biyu, kuma ana iya samun bayanan hoto na wata manufa a harbi ɗaya, wanda ya kasance mai gefe ɗaya. Yana kama da kallon gunkin abin yabo da ba a yanke ba gaba ɗaya, kuma tsarin ciki ba zai iya nunawa a fili ba. Hoton CT yana kunshe da jerin hotuna na hoto, wanda yayi daidai da rarraba sassan tsarin nama ta Layer, a fili kuma daya bayan daya don nuna ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da tsarin da ke cikin jikin mutum, kuma ƙuduri ya fi X. fim ray.
Na uku, a halin yanzu, an yi amfani da hoton X-ray a cikin aminci da balagagge a cikin bincike na taimako na shekarun kashi na yara, iyaye ba sa damuwa da yawa game da tasirin radiation, ƙwayar X-ray yana da ƙananan ƙananan. Akwai kuma marasa lafiya da suke zuwa asibiti don maganin kasusuwa saboda raunin da ya faru, likita zai haɗa fa'idodi da rashin amfani na X-ray da CT, yawanci zaɓi na farko don gwajin X-ray, kuma lokacin da X-ray ba zai iya zama ba. Ana samun raunuka bayyanannu ko raunin da ake tuhuma kuma ba za a iya gano su ba, za a ba da shawarar gwajin CT azaman taimakon ƙarfafawa.
Kada ku rikita MRI da X-ray da CT
MRIyayi kama da CT a zahiri, amma zurfin zurfinsa da ƙananan ramukan zai haifar da matsi a jikin ɗan adam, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da mutane da yawa za su ji tsoronsa.
Ka'idarsa ta bambanta da na X-ray da CT.
Mun san cewa jikin dan adam yana kunshe da kwayoyin halitta, abinda ke cikin ruwa a jikin dan adam ya fi yawa, ruwa yana dauke da sinadarin hydrogen, idan jikin dan adam ya kwanta a filin maganadisu, za a samu wani bangare na sinadarin hydrogen da bugun jini. sigina na filin maganadisu na waje “resonance”, mitar da “resonance” ke samarwa yana karɓar mai karɓa, kuma a ƙarshe kwamfutar tana aiwatar da siginar sauti mai rauni, ta samar da hoton hoto na baƙar fata da fari.
Ka sani, ƙarfin maganadisu na nukiliya ba shi da lahani na radiation, babu radiation ionizing, ya zama hanyar hoto na kowa. Don nama mai laushi irin su tsarin juyayi, haɗin gwiwa, tsokoki da mai, an fi son MRI.
Duk da haka, yana da ƙarin contraindications, kuma wasu abubuwan sun kasance ƙasa da CT, kamar lura da ƙananan nodules na huhu, karaya, da dai sauransu CT ya fi dacewa. Saboda haka, ko don zaɓar X-ray, CT ko MRI, likita yana buƙatar zaɓar alamun.
Bugu da ƙari, za mu iya ɗaukar kayan aikin MRI a matsayin babban maganadisu, kayan lantarki da ke kusa da shi za su kasa, kayan ƙarfe da ke kusa da shi za a tallata su nan da nan, yana haifar da "sakamakon makami mai linzami", mai hatsarin gaske.
Saboda haka, amincin gwajin MRI ya kasance matsala ta kowa ga likitoci. Lokacin shirya don jarrabawar MRI, wajibi ne a gaya wa likita tarihin gaskiya da daki-daki, bi umarnin ƙwararru, kuma tabbatar da gwajin lafiya.
Ana iya ganin cewa waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan X-ray guda uku, CT da kuma hanyoyin daukar hoto na MRI sun dace da juna kuma suna hidima ga marasa lafiya.
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Lokacin aikawa: Maris-04-2024
