Hoto Mai Kyau Yana Buɗe Sirrin Kula da Zirga-zirgar Kwayoyin Halittar Nukiliya

Kamar yadda masu tsara birane ke tsara yadda motoci ke kwarara a cikin manyan biranen, ƙwayoyin halitta suna sarrafa motsin ƙwayoyin halitta a kan iyakokinsu na nukiliya. A matsayin masu tsaron ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, hadaddun ramukan nukiliya (NPCs) da aka haɗa a cikin membrane na nukiliya suna kula da cikakken iko akan wannan kasuwancin ƙwayoyin halitta. Babban aiki daga Texas A&M Health yana bayyana zaɓin wannan tsarin mai ban sha'awa, wanda zai iya bayar da sabbin ra'ayoyi kan cututtukan jijiyoyi da ci gaban ciwon daji.

Bin Diddigin Juyin Juya Hali na Hanyoyin Halittar Kwayoyin Halitta

Ƙungiyar bincike ta Dr. Siegfried Musser a Kwalejin Magunguna ta Texas A&M ta fara bincike kan saurin wucewar ƙwayoyin halitta ba tare da karo ba ta hanyar shingen membrane biyu na tsakiya. Littafinsu mai tarihi na Nature ya yi cikakken bayani game da binciken juyin juya hali da fasahar MINFLUX ta samar - wata hanyar daukar hoto mai zurfi wacce ke iya kama motsin ƙwayoyin halitta na 3D da ke faruwa a cikin millise seconds a sikelin kusan sau 100,000 mafi kyau fiye da faɗin gashin ɗan adam. Sabanin zato na baya game da hanyoyin da aka raba, bincikensu ya nuna cewa hanyoyin shigo da makamashin nukiliya da fitarwa suna raba hanyoyin da suka yi karo a cikin tsarin NPC.

Abubuwan Mamaki da Aka Gano Suna Kalubalanci Samfuran da Ke Akwai

Abubuwan da ƙungiyar ta lura sun nuna yanayin zirga-zirgar da ba a zata ba: ƙwayoyin halitta suna tafiya ta hanyoyi biyu ta cikin magudanar ruwa, suna juyawa a kusa da juna maimakon bin layukan da aka keɓe. Abin mamaki, waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna taruwa kusa da bangon magudanar ruwa, suna barin yankin tsakiya babu kowa, yayin da ci gaban su ke raguwa sosai - kusan sau 1,000 a hankali fiye da motsi mara shinge - saboda hanyoyin samar da furotin masu toshewa suna haifar da yanayi mai kama da syrup.

Musser ya bayyana wannan a matsayin "mafi ƙalubalen yanayin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa da ake iya tunaninsa - hanyoyin tafiya biyu ta cikin ƙananan hanyoyi." Ya yarda, "Bincikenmu ya gabatar da haɗuwa da ba a zata ba ta yiwuwar, yana bayyana sarkakiya fiye da yadda hasashe na asali ya nuna."

Inganci Duk da Matsalolin da Ke Damun Mu

Abin sha'awa, tsarin sufuri na NPC ya nuna inganci mai ban mamaki duk da waɗannan ƙuntatawa. Musser ya yi hasashe, "Yawan NPCs na halitta na iya hana aiki fiye da kima, ta yadda zai rage tsangwama ga gasa da haɗarin toshewa." Wannan fasalin ƙira da aka ƙirƙira ya bayyana yana hana toshewar ƙwayoyin halitta, Anan'sake rubutawa tare da bambance-bambancen tsari, tsari, da kuma sakin layi yayin da ake kiyaye ma'anar asali:

Zirga-zirgar ƙwayoyin halitta ta ɗauki wani mataki: NPCs sun bayyana hanyoyin ɓoye

Maimakon tafiya kai tsaye ta cikin NPC'A tsakiyar axis, ƙwayoyin halitta suna tafiya ta ɗaya daga cikin tashoshin sufuri guda takwas na musamman, kowannensu an iyakance shi ga tsarin da ke kama da magana a kan ramin.'zoben waje. Wannan tsarin sarari yana nuna wata hanyar gini da ke taimakawa wajen daidaita kwararar kwayoyin halitta.

Musser ya bayyana,"Duk da cewa an san cewa pores na nukiliya na yisti suna ɗauke da'toshe na tsakiya,'ainihin abun da ke cikinsa har yanzu asiri ne. A cikin ƙwayoyin halittar ɗan adam, wannan fasalin yana da'an lura da shi, amma rarrabawa a cikin aiki abu ne mai yiwuwa—da kuma ramin'Cibiyar s na iya zama babbar hanyar fitarwa don mRNA."

Haɗin Cututtuka da Kalubalen Magani

Rashin aiki a cikin NPC—babbar hanyar wayar salula mai mahimmanci—an danganta shi da manyan cututtukan jijiyoyi, gami da ALS (Lou Gehrig)'cutar Alzheimer),'s, da Huntington'cutar. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaruwar ayyukan safarar NPC yana da alaƙa da ci gaban cutar kansa. Duk da cewa kai hari ga takamaiman yankuna na rami na iya taimakawa wajen buɗe shinge ko rage jigilar kaya da yawa, Musser ya yi gargaɗin cewa yin ɓarna ga aikin NPC yana da haɗari, idan aka yi la'akari da muhimmiyar rawar da yake takawa wajen tsira daga ƙwayoyin cuta.

"Dole ne mu bambance tsakanin lahani da suka shafi sufuri da kuma matsalolin da suka shafi NPC'taro ko wargazawa,"ya lura."Duk da cewa yawancin alaƙar cututtuka na iya faɗawa cikin rukuni na ƙarshe, akwai keɓancewa da ke akwai—kamar maye gurbi na kwayoyin halitta na c9orf72 a cikin ALS, wanda ke haifar da tarin abubuwa waɗanda ke toshe ramin."

Umarni na Gaba: Taswirar Hanyoyin Kaya da Hoton Kwayoyin Halitta

Mai ba da shawara kuma mai haɗin gwiwa Dr. Abhishek Sau, daga Texas A&M's Joint Microscope Lab, suna shirin bincika ko nau'ikan kaya daban-daban—kamar subunits na ribosomal da mRNA—bin hanyoyi na musamman ko kuma haɗuwa a kan hanyoyin da aka raba. Aikin da suke yi tare da abokan hulɗar Jamus (EMBL da Abberior Instruments) na iya daidaita MINFLUX don ɗaukar hoto a ainihin lokaci a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta masu rai, yana ba da ra'ayoyi marasa misaltuwa game da yanayin jigilar makaman nukiliya.

Tare da tallafin NIH, wannan binciken ya sake fasalta fahimtarmu game da tsarin amfani da wayar salula, yana nuna yadda NPCs ke kula da tsari a cikin babban birni mai cike da cunkoso na tsakiya.