Ana iya samun kwanciyar hankali ta tsakiya ta hanyar fitar da nau'ikan barbashi ko raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da nau'ikan ruɓewar rediyoaktif iri-iri da samar da ionizing radiation. Alfa barbashi, beta barbashi, gamma haskoki, da neutrons suna daga cikin mafi akai-akai lura iri. Alfa lalata ya ƙunshi saki nauyi, tabbatacce cajin barbashi ta rubewa nuclei don samun mafi kwanciyar hankali. Waɗannan barbashi ba sa iya shiga cikin fata kuma galibi ana toshe su da kyau ta takarda ɗaya.
Ya danganta da nau'in barbashi ko raƙuman ruwa waɗanda tsakiya ke fitarwa don zama karɓuwa, akwai nau'ikan ruɓewar rediyo da ke haifar da ionizing radiation. Mafi yawan nau'o'in su ne alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays da neutrons.
Alfa radiation
A lokacin hasarar alpha, ƙwayoyin da ke lalacewa suna fitar da ɓangarorin da ke da ƙarfi sosai don samun kwanciyar hankali. Wadannan barbashi gabaɗaya ba sa iya wucewa ta cikin fata don haifar da lahani kuma galibi ana iya toshe su ta hanyar amfani da takarda ɗaya kawai.
Duk da haka, idan abubuwa masu fitar da alpha su shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar numfashi, sha, ko sha, za su iya yin tasiri kai tsaye ga kyallen jikin jiki, wanda zai iya haifar da lahani ga lafiya. Misalin wani sinadari da ke lalacewa ta hanyar ƙwayoyin alpha shine Americium-241, ana amfani da shi a cikin masu gano hayaki a duk duniya. .
Beta radiation
A lokacin radiation na beta, nuclei suna fitar da ƙananan barbashi (electrons), waɗanda suka fi kutsawa fiye da nau'in alpha kuma suna da ikon ketare kewayon 1-2 na ruwa, dangane da ƙarfin ƙarfinsu. Yawanci, siriri na aluminium mai auna ƴan milimita a cikin kauri na iya toshe hasken beta yadda ya kamata.
Gamma haskoki
Hasken Gamma, tare da fa'idodin amfani da suka haɗa da maganin kansa, suna cikin nau'in radiation na lantarki, kama da na X-ray. Yayin da wasu haskoki na gamma na iya ratsa jikin mutum ba tare da wani sakamako ba, wasu na iya shiga cikin jiki kuma suna iya haifar da lahani. Katangar siminti ko bangon gubar na iya rage haɗarin da ke tattare da hasarar gamma ta hanyar rage ƙarfinsu, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa aka gina ɗakunan jiyya a asibitocin da aka kera don masu ciwon daji da irin wannan bango mai ƙarfi.
Neutrons
Neutrons, a matsayin ƙananan barbashi masu nauyi da maɓalli na tsakiya, ana iya samar da su ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar makaman nukiliya ko halayen nukiliya waɗanda ke haifar da barbashi masu ƙarfi a cikin katako mai sauri. Waɗannan neutrons suna aiki azaman sanannen tushen ionizing radiation a kaikaice.
Hanyoyi Don Kalubalanci Bayyanar Radiation
Uku daga cikin mafi asali da sauƙin bin ƙa'idodin kariyar radiation sune: Lokaci, Nisa, Garkuwa.
Lokaci
Adadin radiation da ma'aikacin radiation ya tara yana ƙaruwa kai tsaye dangane da tsawon kusancin tushen radiation. Ƙananan lokacin da aka kashe kusa da tushen yana haifar da ƙananan ƙwayar radiation. Sabanin haka, karuwa a cikin lokacin da aka kashe a filin radiation yana haifar da mafi girman adadin radiation da aka karɓa. Sabili da haka, rage lokacin da ake kashewa a kowane filin radiation yana rage girman tasirin radiation.
Nisa
Haɓaka rarrabuwa tsakanin mutum da tushen radiation yana tabbatar da zama ingantaccen tsarin kula da rage tasirin radiation. Yayin da nisa daga tushen radiation ke girma, matakin adadin radiation yana raguwa sosai. Ƙayyadaddun kusanci zuwa tushen radiation yana da tasiri musamman don rage hasashe a lokacin radiyon wayar hannu da hanyoyin fluoroscopy. Ana iya ƙididdige raguwar fallasa ta amfani da ka'idar murabba'i mai juzu'i, wacce ke zayyana alaƙa tsakanin nisa da ƙarfin radiation. Wannan doka ta tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin radiation a ƙayyadadden nisa daga tushen ma'ana yana da alaƙa da murabba'in nesa.
Garkuwa
Idan kiyaye matsakaicin nisa da mafi ƙarancin lokaci baya bada garantin isasshe ƙarancin ƙwayar radiation, ya zama dole don aiwatar da ingantaccen garkuwa don rage ƙarancin hasken hasken. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don ƙaddamar da radiation an san su da garkuwa, kuma aiwatar da shi yana aiki don rage yawan bayyanar cututtuka ga marasa lafiya da sauran jama'a.
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LnkMed, ƙwararrun masana'anta a cikin samarwa da haɓakawainjectors wakili mai matsa lamba mai girma. Mun kuma bayarsirinji da bututuwanda ke rufe kusan dukkanin samfuran shahararru a kasuwa. Da fatan za a tuntuɓe mu don ƙarin bayani tainfo@lnk-med.com
Lokacin aikawa: Janairu-08-2024
