Ana iya samun kwanciyar hankali na tsakiya ta hanyar fitar da nau'ikan barbashi ko raƙuman ruwa daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da nau'ikan ruɓewar rediyoaktif daban-daban da kuma samar da radiation mai ionizing. Barbashi na Alpha, barbashi na beta, rassan gamma, da neutrons suna daga cikin nau'ikan da aka fi gani akai-akai. Ruɓewar alpha ta ƙunshi sakin barbashi masu nauyi da aka caji da kyau ta hanyar ruɓewar ƙwayoyin don samun ƙarin kwanciyar hankali. Waɗannan barbashi ba za su iya shiga fata ba kuma galibi takarda ɗaya ce ke toshe su yadda ya kamata.
Dangane da nau'in barbashi ko raƙuman ruwa da ƙwayar halittar ke fitarwa don su dawwama, akwai nau'ikan ruɓewar rediyoaktif daban-daban waɗanda ke haifar da radiation mai ionizing. Nau'ikan da suka fi yawa sune barbashi na alpha, barbashi na beta, rays na gamma da neutrons.
Haskar Alpha
A lokacin hasken alpha, ƙwayoyin da ke lalacewa suna fitar da ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi da ƙarfi don samun kwanciyar hankali. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin ba sa iya ratsawa ta fata don haifar da lahani kuma galibi ana iya toshe su yadda ya kamata ta hanyar amfani da takarda guda ɗaya kawai.
Duk da haka, idan abubuwa masu fitar da alpha suka shiga jiki ta hanyar shaƙa, shan ruwa, ko shan ruwa, suna iya shafar kyallen ciki kai tsaye, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da lahani ga lafiya. Misalin wani abu da ke ruɓewa ta cikin ƙwayoyin alpha shine Americium-241, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin gano hayaki a duk duniya.
Beta radiation
A lokacin hasken beta, ƙwayoyin halittar suna fitar da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta (electrons), waɗanda suka fi ratsawa fiye da ƙwayoyin alpha kuma suna da ikon ratsawa ta tsawon santimita 1-2 na ruwa, dangane da matakin kuzarinsu. Yawanci, siririn takardar aluminum mai auna milimita kaɗan zai iya toshe hasken beta yadda ya kamata.
Haskokin Gamma
Haskokin Gamma, waɗanda ke da amfani iri-iri, ciki har da maganin ciwon daji, suna cikin rukunin haskokin lantarki, kamar na X-ray. Duk da cewa wasu haskokin gamma na iya ratsa jikin ɗan adam ba tare da wata illa ba, wasu kuma za a iya sha su kuma su iya haifar da lahani. Kauri ganuwar siminti ko gubar za su iya rage haɗarin da ke tattare da haskokin gamma ta hanyar rage ƙarfinsu, shi ya sa ɗakunan magani a asibitoci da aka tsara don marasa lafiya da ciwon daji aka gina su da irin waɗannan ganuwar masu ƙarfi.
Neutrons
Ana iya samar da neutrons, a matsayin ƙwayoyin cuta masu nauyi da muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin ƙwayar, ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kamar su na'urorin nukiliya ko kuma halayen nukiliya da ƙwayoyin cuta masu ƙarfi a cikin hasken wutar lantarki ke haifarwa. Waɗannan neutrons suna aiki a matsayin tushen hasken ionizing radiation a kaikaice.
Hanyoyi Don Kare Fuskar Radiation
Uku daga cikin ƙa'idodi mafi sauƙi kuma mafi sauƙi na kariyar radiation sune: Lokaci, Nisa, da Kariya.
Lokaci
Adadin radiation da ma'aikacin radiation ke tarawa yana ƙaruwa kai tsaye dangane da tsawon lokacin kusanci da tushen radiation. Ƙananan lokacin da ake kashewa kusa da tushen radiation yana haifar da ƙarancin adadin radiation. Akasin haka, ƙaruwar lokacin da ake kashewa a filin radiation yana haifar da ƙarin adadin radiation da aka karɓa. Saboda haka, rage lokacin da ake kashewa a kowane filin radiation yana rage yawan fallasa radiation.
Nisa
Inganta rabuwar da ke tsakanin mutum da tushen hasken ya tabbatar da cewa hanya ce mai inganci don rage fallasar radiation. Yayin da nisan da ke tsakanin tushen hasken ya ƙaru, matakin adadin hasken yana raguwa sosai. Iyakance kusanci da tushen hasken yana da tasiri musamman don rage fallasar radiation yayin aikin rediyo ta hannu da kuma hanyoyin fluoroscopy. Ana iya ƙididdige raguwar fallasa ta amfani da dokar murabba'i mai juyawa, wadda ke bayyana alaƙar da ke tsakanin nisa da ƙarfin hasken. Wannan doka ta tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin hasken radiation a takamaiman nisa daga tushen yana da alaƙa da murabba'in nisa.
Kariya
Idan kiyaye matsakaicin nisa da mafi ƙarancin lokaci ba ya tabbatar da ƙarancin adadin radiation, ya zama dole a aiwatar da ingantaccen kariya don rage hasken radiation yadda ya kamata. Ana kiran kayan da ake amfani da su don rage hasken radiation a matsayin garkuwa, kuma aiwatar da shi yana taimakawa wajen rage kamuwa da cutar ga marasa lafiya da kuma jama'a.
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Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-08-2024
